Guide
Multiplex real-time PCR for sexually transmitted and vaginal infections
How a 12-pathogen multiplex real-time PCR panel detects sexually transmitted and vaginal infection pathogens from a vaginal swab or urine sample.
Test guides
How each test works, what it measures and when laboratories use it.
Guide
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening in pregnancy by real-time PCR
Why pregnant women are screened for Group B Streptococcus, when the swab is taken, and how a real-time PCR test targeting the cfb gene detects GBS.
Guide
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing by flow cytometry (SCSA principle)
What the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) measure, how the acridine orange flow cytometry test works, and when it is used.
Guide
Screening for infections in pregnancy: sexually transmitted infections and Group B Streptococcus
Why syphilis, HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia, gonorrhoea and Group B Streptococcus are screened for in pregnancy, and when testing is usually done.
Guide
Group B Streptococcus: what recent research shows
A summary of a 2024 review of Group B Streptococcus in obstetrics and gynaecology: virulence, antibiotic resistance, prevention and vaccine progress.
Guide
False positive and false negative results in laboratory testing
How sensitivity, specificity and predictive values describe test accuracy, why false results occur, and when retesting or confirmatory testing is needed.
Guide
HPV and cervical cancer screening
What human papillomavirus is, how it spreads and causes cervical cancer, and how HPV-based screening and vaccination help prevent the disease.
Guide
BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing: genes, cancer risk and genetic counselling
What the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes do, how inherited harmful variants raise cancer risk, who may consider testing, and why genetic counselling matters.
Guide
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and expanded NIPT: what a screening test can and cannot tell you
What NIPT and expanded NIPT screen for, why a high chance result needs diagnostic confirmation, and why regulated in vitro diagnostic quality matters.
Questions about a kit?
Our team answers laboratory and procurement enquiries in English and Vietnamese.